关键词：海绵城市，生态海绵弹性，评估方法，案例研究
摘要：近年来，用于实践中的“海绵城市”概念的评估技术迅速发展且趋于多样，因此，根据不同海绵城市项目总结出基于海绵技术的统一评估框架显得尤为重要，尤其是在比较和分析不同技术在不同领域的性能方面。但是，以往的工作主要集中在增强或开发某种海绵技术上。本研究试图通过整合自然生态系统的弹性与海绵城市工程基础设施的弹性，建立“生态海绵弹性”的新概念以及量化“生态海绵弹性”来建立一个框架。此外还特别开发了一组具有统一标准的弹性指标。生态海绵弹性主要由五种海绵弹性和两种生态弹性组成，包括渗透，储藏，滞留，运输以及去污、生态植被和自然生态水弹性等因素。根据生态海绵的价值可以轻松估算海绵城市项目的弹性。本研究选取了一个案例，以解释如何评估厦门六个海绵城市项目试点的生态海绵弹性。结果表明，从城市系统的水环境，水资源，水安全和水生态系统四个方面考虑，所提出的评估方法是可行的，对评估和提高海绵城市的效率是有帮助的。
Abstract: In recent years techniques for assessing the “sponge city” concept in practice have been developed and diversified at a rapid pace, therefore a unified assessment framework based on sponge techniques is becoming more and more important for comparing and analysing the performance of different techniques across different sponge city projects. However, previous work has mainly focused on enhancing or developing a certain single sponge technique. This research tries to establish a framework through integrating the resilience of the natural ecosystem with that of engineered infrastructure of sponge cities, forming a new concept of ‘Eco-sponge resilience', and quantifying 'Eco sponge Elasticity'. In particular, a set of elasticities with a unified dimension are developed. The eco-sponge elasticity mainly consists of five types of sponge elasticity and two types of ecological elasticity, including factors such as infiltration, storage, detention, transportation and decontamination, ecological vegetation and natural ecological water elasticities, with which the value of eco-sponge elasticity of a sponge city project can be easily estimated. This research also considers a case study to interpret how to assess the eco sponge elasticities of six pilot sites of sponge city projects in Xiamen. The result shows that the presented evaluation method is feasible and helpful for assessing and enhancing the performance of sponge cities considering four aspects: the water environment, water resources, water security and water ecosystem of the urban system.
Key: Sponge cities, Eco-sponge elasticity, Evaluation method, Case study
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