摘要：城市轨道交通不断发展，其在城市功能方面的要求也随之提升，地铁车站建筑综合体在这方面具有重要作用。在中国城市化进程迅速发展的同时，轨道交通建设也在以前所未有的速度发展，这对城市轨道交通建筑的空间设计提出了新的挑战：一方面，地铁车站的地下空间往往环境质量低；而另一方面，交通建筑占用了很大比例的城市能耗。因此以性能为导向的可持续设计值得关注。然而，由于其复杂的内部空间和大量人流，容易导致空间质量和舒适性的问题。作为连接城市铁路交通的空间与这种综合建筑中的建筑群，井空间具备在空间内传导空气、光和热的作用。该空间位于外部和内部环境之间，可利用自然资源和环境来调节室内气候环境，提高空间质量。然而，许多城市地铁站建筑群的井空间面临着诸如空气质量差、风速高和舒适低等缺陷。本研究以北京大型轨道交通枢纽站的五个城市商业综合体为例，旨在通过评估八种物理特性（气温、湿度、光照、二氧化碳、PM2.5。 PM10，HCHO、风速），对北京最寒冷时期的井空间物理环境进行综合评价。以上评价指标将被用于不同年龄段人群的满意度问卷。根据物理质量测试和问卷调查结果所反应的问题，提出了优化井空间的解决方案，作为在城市轨道交通和建筑群结合时优化综合设计的参考。
关键词：轨道交通，热环境，被动空间设计，地铁站建筑群
Abstract:With the development of urban rail transit and the requirements of urban function, the subway station building complex mode retains important utility. While urbanization is advancing rapidly in China, the construction of rail transit is also advancing at an unprecedented speed, which also poses new challenges to the spatial design of urban rail transit buildings: on the one hand, the underground space in the metro station area often has low environmental quality, while on the other hand, transit buildings account for a large proportion of urban energy consumption, and performance-oriented sustainable design deserves attention. However, due to its complicated internal space and large flow of people, problems of space quality and comfort begin to emerge. As the space connecting urban railway traffic with building complexes in this type of integrated building, well spaces display the role of delivering air, light and heat within the space. Lying between external and interior environment, this space can utilize natural resources and the environment to adjust the indoor climatic environment and boost the quality of the space. However, well spaces in many urban subway station building complexes are confronted with such defects as inferior air quality, high wind speed and low comfort temperature. With five urban business complexes in large-scale rail transit junction stations in Beijing as an example, this research aims to conduct a comprehensive appraisal of the physical environment in well spaces during the coldest period in Beijing by assessing eight physical qualities, including air temperature, moisture, illuminance, carbon dioxide, PM2.5. PM10, HCHO and wind speed in each, gauging the physical environment of well spaces, and combining this with a questionnaire on satisfaction of people of different ages. As for issues arising from tests of the physical qualities and the questionnaire results, possible solutions for optimizing well spaces are proposed as a reference to optimize integrated design when combining urban railway transit and building complexes.
Key:Railway traffic, Thermal environment, Passive space design, Subway station building complexes
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