摘要：阿莱茵是阿联酋阿布扎比酋长国的第二大城市，其起源的意义就在于它的名字，在阿拉伯语中，它的意思是“春天”。 自从新石器时代以来，丰富的地下水就为人类提供了居住场所，使得这个城市成为海湾地区最古老的居住场所之一。在Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nayan(1918-2004)的统治下，阿莱茵受到了特别的关注，同事也是由于历史遗产的存在，阿莱茵得以保持其特征和身份，形成了对其社区的强烈归属感。随着1971年阿联酋的成立，以及1992年其市政委员会的成立，一项特别法令对建筑高度进行了严格的限制，也特别注意保护由7个古老的棕榈树绿洲和他们的灌溉系统aflaj形成的原始景观，这是一种古老的灌溉系统，在中东、中亚和地中海的大部分干旱地区很常见。尽管所有这些努力都是为了保持其原有的身份，但如今，在进一步扩张和创新以应对日益严峻的经济挑战的压力下，这种方法似乎受到了审视。随着扩张和改造进程的不断加快，阿莱茵在20世纪60年代发现石油后形成的、仍属于传统类型的大部分城市结构已被以不同模式为灵感的新建筑所取代，为了应付日益增长的住宅需求，政府已规划了新的大型发展项目。2011年阿莱茵的考古遗址和绿洲被联合国教科文组织认定为世界遗产后，这座城市作为旅游目的地和文化胜地的知名度上升，但同时也暴露出其系统的脆弱性。本文关注阿莱茵的历史和文化身份的基础，以及身份和创新之间的冲突/互动机制，从而定义阿莱茵的城市转型和再生过程。
关键词：建筑遗产，沙漠环境，历史认同，创新，水资源，城市发展
Abstract:The meaning about the origins of Al-Ain, the second largest city of Abu Dhabi Emirate in the UAE, resides in its name, which in Arabic means ‘The spring’. The presence of abundant groundwater has allowed human settlements since the Neolithic period, marking this city as one of the oldest settlements continuously inhabited in the Gulf region. Under the rule of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nayan (1918-2004), Al-Ain received special attention in order to preserve its character and identity, due also to the presence of historical heritage which forms a strong sense of belonging for its community. With the establishment of the UAE in 1971, and the institution of its municipality council in 1992, a special ordinance fixed a strict limit on building height, giving also particular attention to conservation of the original landscape formed by the seven ancient oases of palm trees and their irrigation systems of aflaj, an ancient irrigation system common in most arid zones of the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Mediterranean. Despite all these efforts spent in order to keep its original identity, nowadays this approach appears to be scrutinised under the pressures for further expansion and innovation in response to an increasingly challenging economy. With an increasing acceleration in the process of expansion and renovation, most of Al-Ain’s urban fabric, realized after oil discovery in the 1960s, and still belonging to traditional typologies, has been replaced with new constructions inspired by different models, and new large developments have been laid out to cope with the increasing demand for dwellings. After recognition in 2011 of Al-Ain’s archaeological sites and oases as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the city’s popularity rose as a tourist destination and place of cultural interest but has revealed in the meantime its systemic fragility. This paper focuses on the process of urban growth according to the nature of place, which characterized Al-Ain’s history and currently forms the substrate of its cultural identity, and the mechanism of conflict/interaction between identity and innovation towards the definition of Al-Ain’s urban transformation and regenerative process.
Key:Building Heritage, Desert Environment, Historical Identity, Innovation, Water Resources, Urban Development
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