摘要：一般而言，城市公共空间，尤其是城市广场的质量，对于设计师在规则和原则布局及其设计方面的设计而言，既是值得关注的问题，也是功能和美学方面的挑战。环境和行为学研究有助于理解用户和空间之间的相互作用，更好地响应用户真实需求，深化设计对社会的理解基础。在相关文献中，人们普遍认为开放空间成功的最重要指标归功于其位置、设计和使用。在这个问题上，空间句法为分析空间属性与人们行为之间的相关性提供了理论和方法;了解这种相互关系有助于提升设计，进一步带来更多功能性的场所。本文假设空间中的人类行为高度依赖于建筑环境配置产生的可视性，旨在于研究空间的使用与空间定量测量两者之间的相关性，即城市广场的句法属性。本文还将研究如何将空间句法分析作为广场布局设计过程中的工具进行整合。这项研究将在阿尔及利亚比斯克拉最受欢迎的公共场所“El-Houria广场”的分析和设计方案上进行。分析过程包括重叠空间句法方法（Depthmap），行为映射和各种定性分析技术，如问卷调查和心理测绘。结果表明，广场空间使用高度依赖于可视性，可达性（视觉可达）以及与周围环境的连通性，这些都是广场空间功能的关键参数。结果还表明，在选择进行确定活动的地方时，人类行为与所选区域内的空间句法属性之间存在高度相关性。此外，研究还揭示了可视性是如何成为该广场布局提案中的基本要素的。
关键词：城市广场，设计布局，空间句法，可视性，可达性
Abstract: The quality of urban public space in general, and urban plazas in particular, has been a concern and a major challenge for designers in setting rules and principles to its layout and its design, functional and aesthetic. Environmental and behavioural research contributes importantly to the understanding of the interaction between user and space, to well respond to users’ real needs; and to have design grounded in social understanding. In pertinent literature, it is common to argue that the most important measures of the success of an open space is attributed to its location, design, and use. In this matter, space syntax provides theory and method to analyse the correlation between spatial properties and people behaviour; understanding this interaction helps in design, with improved design leading to more functional places. This paper instigates from the assumption that human behaviour in space is highly dependent on visibility generated by the built environment configuration, and it aims to look into the correlation between the use of space and spatial quantitative measures, i.e. the syntactic properties of an urban plaza. It also aims to look into how to integrate space syntax analysis as a tool in the plaza layout design process. This work will be carried out on the analysis and the design proposal of the most frequented public place in Biskra, Algeria, “El-Houria plaza”. The analysis process consists of overlapping space syntax method (Depthmap), behaviour mapping and various qualitative analysis techniques such as questionnaire and mental mapping. The results show that plaza spatial use is highly dependent on visibility and that the accessibility (visual access) and the connectivity to the surrounding are the key parameters to its functioning. The results also indicate that there is a high correlation between the human behaviour and the syntactic properties in selecting places to do definite activities. Furthermore, it is shown how visibility becomes the principal feature in the layout proposal of this plaza.
Key: Urban Plaza, Design Layout, Space Syntax, Visibility, Accessibility
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