摘要：本文研究中，我们着眼于人口趋势和人口过剩的原因，分析了世界各城市人口的分布特征。分析了各城区空间规划的对策，为北京案例研究奠定了基础。北京作为中国首都具有独特的特征，其人口控制和主要功能区规划的实现方面面临着挑战。本文旨在的研究空间规划如何帮助控制人口和实现北京等大都市的城市功能。我们发现主要功能区规划在实现北京主要功能和控制人口方面发挥了作用，而控制产业结构能有效地改变了北京等大都市的人口结构。此外，利用空间规划的指导，我们建议建立新的城区或建设新城，以形成一个多中心结构；同时规划旧城改造，并改善道路基础设施系统的建设。
关键词：空间规划，人口分布，规划指导，主要功能区规划
Abstract: Focusing on trends in population and the causes of overpopulation, we analyse the distributional characteristics of the population in cities around the world. We analyse the countermeasures in spatial planning of various urban areas, which lays the foundation for our case study of Beijing. Beijing, which has unique attributes as the capital of China, faces challenges regarding population control and realization of the Main Functional Area Planning. We focus on the question of how spatial planning can help control population and the realization of urban functions in metropolises such as Beijing. We find that main functional area planning played a role in achieving the main functions and controlling the population of Beijing. Also, controlling the industrial structure is effective in changing population structure for metropolises such as Beijing. In addition, using guidance from spatial planning, we suggest establishing new urban areas or constructing new cities to form a multi-centre structure, to plan for old town renovation, and to improve the construction of the road infrastructure system.
Key: Spatial Planning, Population Distribution, Planning Guidance, Main Functional Area Planning
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