摘要：城市公园适当的小气候设计很重要，因为它会影响热舒适性，从而影响公众对室外空间的利用。改变植被布局可以改善小气候，特别是在炎热季节条件下。然而，很难测量公园内各个组成部分的小气候变化。因此，我们结合现场测量和三维小气候模型ENVI-met，研究韩国首尔一个城市邻里公园的小气候变化。研究了不同植被配置对典型夏季小气候和热舒适性的影响。研究表明：1）ENVI-met的模拟结果与观测数据相似，一致性指数为0.69-0.88；2） 多层密集树冠覆盖的绿地提供了最舒适的条件。然而，当种植密度过大时，植被的冷却效率可能会降低；影响热季热舒适性的主要因素是平均辐射温度。这项研究的结果为未来城市公园设计中的植被布局规划提供了有用的信息。
关键词：城市公园，微气候，环境，热舒适
Abstract:Appropriate microclimate design for urban parks is important, as it impacts on thermal comfort and thereby influences the utilization of outdoor spaces by the public. Modifying the vegetation arrangement can improve the microclimate, especially under hot season conditions. However, it is difficult to measure microclimatic variations in the individual components within a park. Therefore, we combined in-situ measurements and a three-dimensional microclimate model ENVI-met, to examine variations in the microclimate of an urban neighborhood park in Seoul, Korea. Different vegetation arrangements were investigated with respect to their effects on microclimate and thermal comfort on a typical summer day. The study showed that: 1) the simulated results of ENVI-met were similar to the observed data, with an index of agreement of 0.69–0.88; 2) green spaces with multi-layered and dense canopy cover provided the most comfortable conditions. However, the cooling efficiency of vegetation may decrease when the plantation is too dense; and 3) the main factor affecting thermal comfort in the hot season was mean radiant temperature. The findings of this study provide useful information to guide planning of vegetation arrangements in future urban park designs.
Key:Urban park, Microclimate, ENVI-met, Thermal comfort
全文: DOI