摘要：本文介绍了一个综合框架，可用于评估城市热环境、制定城市风道。与其他生态系统相比，城市地区的风环境和热环境可能更加复杂和动态。尽管如此，考虑人口聚集的人口和产业所面临的风险这一问题需引起高度关注。因此开发了多种计算技术来评估当代的热环境，并制定可行的政策以通过引入自然风的解决方案将环境提高到更宜居的状态。需要的考虑有三个关键因素：太阳辐射，这是主要的热源;风向和风速，在空间传递热量; 可能影响辐射反射的城市地表，包括辅助热源或引起垂直气流。因此，本研究应用中尺度气象数据提供有关太阳辐射的信息，并用于模拟局部风流; 采用的Landsat图像可以转化为地表温度数据;建筑和土地使用数据库能够提供有关组合功能的信息。结合上述数据，配合风路分析提供了冷却热点的可能性，可以周期性地进行映射和监测城市地区的局部热环境。福州和武汉等城市的实践已证明具有建设性意义，其他相关实验仍在进行中。
关键词：城市热环境，计算流体动力学，天气研究和预报，地方气候区，遥感
Abstract: This paper introduces a comprehensive framework that assesses the urban heat environment and formulates urban wind paths. Compared with other ecosystems, the wind environment and heat environment in urban areas can be much more complicated and dynamic. Nonetheless, it is of great concern considering the agglomerated population and industries at stake. Hence, multiple computational techniques are developed to assess the contemporary heat environment, and to formulate feasible policies to improve it to a more liveable state by introducing the solution of natural wind. Three key factors are considered: solar radiation, which is the major source of heat; wind direction and wind speed, which transports heat in space; and urban land surface, which may affect radiation reflection, contain auxiliary heat sources or cause vertical air flow. Hence, mesoscale meteorological data are applied to provide information about solar radiation, and are used for simulating local wind flow; Landsat images can be translated into land surface temperature figures; and building and land use databases provide information about built-up features. These combined, the local heat environment in urban areas can be mapped and monitored in a periodic fashion, with wind path analysis providing possibilities in cooling down the hotspots. Practices in cities including Fuzhou and Wuhan have proved constructive, with some others still underway.
Key: Urban heat environment, Computational fluid dynamics, Weather research and forecast, Local climate zones, Remote sensing
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