摘要：全球地质灾害带来了巨大的损失，快速发展的中国也不例外。目前，我国的防灾减灾研究和建设主要集中在城市，而遭受地质灾害破坏和损失最严重的农村、山区则被忽视。在这些地区，缺乏危害预防规划或使用城市标准，缺乏科学分析和理论支持。因此，偏远地区的防灾减灾研究日益迫切。现有的地质灾害预防研究主要集中在城市地区，但忽视了大量居住的偏远农村地区。本研究借鉴城市防灾减灾经验，采用有效的科学方法，旨在建立减灾规划支持体系，减少农村灾害对人员及其财产的影响。这项研究和实践的具有以下的意义。首先，通过装备有光学传感器和激光扫描仪的无人驾驶飞行器（UVA）可以容易且快速地获得通常缺乏且难以获得的村庄的高精度数据。其次，结合高精度数据和灾害评估模型，为农村地区开发了地质灾害风险评估技术，不仅涉及自然因素，还涉及人类活动。第三，基于灾害风险评估技术，专门为村庄建设的防灾规划比以前更加量化。第四，通过在减灾中应用规划支持系统，可以自动实现科学有效的灾害救援解决方案。最后，本研究选择了一个适合实施和演示的区域，通过示范案例验证了系统的可行性和有效性，丰富了知识库。在此基础上，提出了面向乡村规划的科学防灾策略与决策方法。
关键词：规划支持系统，防灾和规划，无人驾驶飞行器，风险评估，数据库
Abstract: Global geological hazards have brought huge losses, and the fast development in China is no exception. At present, China's hazard prevention and mitigation research and construction is mostly concentrated in the cities, while the rural, mountainous regions suffering the most serious damage and loss from geological hazards are neglected. In these areas, hazard prevention planning is missing or uses the city standard, lacking scientific analysis and theoretical support. Therefore, the study of disaster prevention and mitigation in remote regions is becoming more urgent. Existing studies on geological hazard prevention mainly focus on urban areas but ignore remote and rural areas where large numbers of people live. By drawing experience from disaster prevention and reduction in urban areas and incorporating effective scientific methods, this study aims to establish a planning support system for disaster mitigation to reduce the impact of disasters in rural areas on people and their property. The most significant contributions this research and practice offers is as follows. Firstly, the high-precision data of the villages, which is usually lacking and difficult to acquire, can easily and quickly be obtained by unmanned aerial vehicles (UVA) equipped with optical sensors and laser scanners. Secondly, combining high-precision data and the disaster evaluation model, geological disaster risk assessment technology has been developed for rural areas that addresses not only the natural factors but also human activities. Thirdly, based on disaster risk assessment technology, disaster prevention planning that has been constructed specifically for villages is more quantitative than before. Fourthly, with the application of a planning support system in disaster mitigation, a scientific and effective solution for disaster rescue can be achieved automatically. Lastly, this study selects a suitable area for implementation and demonstration, which can verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the system and enrich the knowledge base through a demonstration case. Based on the above research, a scientific hazard prevention strategy is put forward, which provides a scientific basis for decision-making and a support method for disaster prevention planning in villages.
Key: Planning Support Systems, Disaster Prevention and planning, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Risk Assessment, Database
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