摘要：从历史上看，战争或自然灾害会给发生地带来毁灭性的破坏。广岛原子弹爆炸和东日本大地震，中国唐山大地震和汶川大地震都是如此。建筑师能够帮助遭受了灾难的城市进行恢复，他们在建筑重建活动中的作用永远不容忽视。广岛即将走入其原子弹爆炸后第70个年头。广岛恢复的历史将与未来遭受自然灾害的地区的重建密切相关。本文以广岛重建为研究对象，通过文献调查和现场调查研究，分析地震区重建和建筑师活动以及这些影响的作用。我们可以观察到，爆炸事件发生后，大部分建筑活动都是在当地设计工作室进行的。当地设计工作室的积极活动值得重视和研究，以更好地了解当地城市的重建。虽然重建过程中的许多建筑物是由其他单位建造的，但当地设计工作室依然发挥了重要作用。 1949年8月6日，广岛和平纪念城建设法颁布，同时举行了两项重大比赛 - 和平纪念大教堂比赛和广岛和平中心比赛。这些比赛不仅在促进广岛全面重建方面发挥了重要作用，而且在战后的日本建筑发展中也发挥了重要作用。从20世纪50年代中期开始，当广岛和平中心和和平纪念大教堂开始建造时，我们就可以看到非广岛日本建筑师或设计工作室和知名承包商开始真正地进入广岛的建筑领域。
关键词：受灾城市，重建工程，广岛，城市设计，建筑师，施工文件，角色
Abstract: As seen historically, a War or a Natural Disaster brought devastating destruction to the place where the misfortune took place. The Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and The Great East Japan Earthquake, The Chins Tangshan Earthquake and The Great Wenchuan Earthquake are the cases. The function of the Relief to the cities suffered the disasters and the function of the architects' activities in construction rebuilding should never be overlooked. Hiroshima is about to begin its 70th year after the atomic bombing. The history of the restoration of Hiroshima will be close referenced to the reconstruction of the areas suffering from natural disasters in the future. This paper taking the reconstruction of the Hiroshima as objects of this study, researching by documentary investigations and interviews and investigations on the spot, analyzing reconstruction of the seismic areas and the architects' activities as well as the function of these consequent effects. Through the research following findings were obtained. We can observe that most of the building activity that occurred in the burned ruins immediately after the bombing event was performed by local design offices. The vigorous activity of the local design offices deserves attention and should not be overlooked as a subject of research to better understand the reconstruction of the local city. Although many buildings in the reconstruction process were constructed by others, a major role was played by local design offices. On August 06, 1949, the Hiroshima Peace Memorial City Construction Law was promulgated and two major competitions—the Peace Memorial Cathedral competition and the Hiroshima Peace Center competition—were conducted. These competitions not only played a significant role in promoting the full-scale reconstruction of Hiroshima but also played a major role in the development of post-war apanese architecture. From the early mid-1950s, when the Hiroshima Peace Center and the Peace Memorial Cathedral began to be built, we can observe that a non-Hiroshima Japanese architect or the design office and leading general contractors began to seriously enter the architectural arena in Hiroshima.
Key: Stricken city, Reconstruction construction, Hiroshima, Urban Design, Architect, Construction documents, Role
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