关键词：景观模式，生态旅游，走廊，生态结构，哥伦比亚自然资源，政策
摘 要：哥伦比亚以丰富的自然资源、原始和未受污染的地貌为特征,但其生态旅游潜力从未得到充分开发,这主要是由于复杂的因素之间的相互关联，例如地理和生态系统的复杂性、基础设施不足、国家监督、社会经济问题，以及在很大程度上产生影响的其五十年的武装冲突。进步和发展主要集中在加勒比海沿岸及其主要港口和山区的一些特定地点,主要首都和其他重要城市所在地,但平原( llanos )和丛林,特别是边远地区却被边缘化和轻重缓急,基础设施很少或根本不存在。研究的首要重点是位于奥里诺基亚地区的东部山脉的Piedemonte llanero。本研究的框架将讨论生态旅游的理论方法和用于定义景观格局的不同要素：走廊,以及在研究领域的政策方面应用的要素。特别是,本文旨在研究与重点地区的环境要素有关的景观构成,这些地区是蒙特雷、卡萨纳雷和利贾尼亚斯、梅塔。经过一些访问,认识到这些是有吸引力的研究案例,并进行了详细的平面图研究,认识到景观对于皮埃蒙特兰内罗现有的一系列空间格局的重要性,在那里生态旅游可以成为丛林边缘道路上当地社区的一个机会,这是一种跨国联系。要研究的第一个案例是蒙特雷阿尔加罗巴瀑布和梅塞塔斯勒贾尼亚斯盖杰尔河的整个水文复合体,描述、表征和比较了这条路线上两个感兴趣的节点。经过本研究,得出一个结论,以比较和突出不同景观格局的作用以及在领土规划中使用其他工具的可能性。
Abstract:Characterized by rich natural resources, pristine and unspoiled landscapes, Colombia has never fully developed its eco-tourism potential mainly due to a complex interrelation of factors, such as geographic and eco-systemic complexity, a deficit in infrastructure, state oversight, social-economic issues, and, to a large extent, its five-decade armed conflict. Progress and development have mainly been focused on the Caribbean coast and its main ports and some specific spots in the mountains, where the main capital and other important cities are located, but the plains (llanos) and the jungles, particularly remote regions, have been marginalized and prioritized less, having little or non-existent infrastructure. The primary focus of the study is the Piedemonte llanero of the eastern mountain ranges, located in the Orinoquia region. The framework of this research will discuss the theoretical approach for ecotourism and the different elements used for the definition of landscape patterns: the corridor, and those to be applied in terms of policies to the areas of study. This paper, in particular, aims to examine the landscape component in relation to the environmental factor of the areas in focus which are Monterey, Casanare and Lejanias, Meta. After some visits, recognizing these as attractive study cases, and a detailed planimetric study, the importance of the landscape in relation to the existing series of spatial patterns of Piedmonte llanero, where ecotourism could become an opportunity for the local communities along the jungle’s marginal road, a transnational connection, is recognized. The first case to be studied is the whole hydrological complex of the Algarroba waterfalls in Monterey and the Guejar River in Lejanias, Mesetas, describing, characterizing and comparing two nodes of interest along the route. After this research, a conclusion is drawn to compare and highlight the role of the different landscape patterns and the possibility to use other tools in the planification of the territory.
Key: Landscape Patterns, Ecotourism, Corridor, Ecological Structure, Colombian Natural Resources, Policies
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