关键词：多感官、开放空间元素、户外热舒适、心理适应、用户感知
摘 要：一些研究已经通过使用物理和生理方法调查了决定开放空间热舒适性的元素，研究结果表明，心理适应与物理生理适应在户外热舒适性中起着同等重要的作用。因此，本研究采用定性与定量相结合的方法，探讨在印尼背景下，感知影响热舒适性的开放空间元素。第一阶段采用定性的方法，编制了一份带有开放式问题的网络问卷，并进行了内容分析，产生了24个变量。在第二阶段中进一步应用这些数据编制了包含封闭式问题的第二份问卷，然后对获得的数据进行因子分析，以确定开放空间元素的感知维度。结果表明，影响室外热舒适性的元素有10个感知维度。此外，多元回归分析表明，只有“遮蔽”、“视觉和听觉方面”和“自然因素与朋友的陪伴”有显著影响，但后两个维度不能用物理和生理方法进行检验。这些发现有望丰富城市设计师和管理者为居民开发更舒适、更宜居的开放空间所需的场所规划指南。
Abstract:Several studies have investigated the elements determining the thermal comfort of open spaces through the use of physical and physiological approaches. The findings showed that psychological adaptation plays an equally important role as physical and physiological adaptation in outdoor thermal comfort. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the elements of open spaces which perceptually influence thermal comfort in the Indonesian context through the use of a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach. The qualitative was used in the first phase through the development of a web-based questionnaire with open-ended questions and content analysis which was used to produce 24 variables. These were further applied in the second phase to develop the second questionnaire which contains closed-ended questions after which the data obtained were analyzed using factor analysis to determine the perceived dimensions of open spaces’ elements. The results showed 10 perceived dimensions of open spaces’ elements influencing outdoor thermal comfort. Moreover, the multiple regression analysis indicated only “shading”, “visual and auditory aspects”, and “natural elements and friends’ company” had a significant effect but the last two dimensions cannot be tested using physical and physiological approaches. These findings are expected to enrich place-making guidelines required to assist urban designers and administrators in developing more comfortable and livable open spaces for residents.
Key:Multi-sensory, Open Spaces’ Elements, Outdoor Thermal Comfort, Psychological Adaptation, User Perception
全文: DOI