关键词：农村土地改革，土地政策有效性，集体土地，江苏南部，中国
摘 要：改革开放以来,我国农村发展伴随着一系列土地改革政策,主要涉及农地、宅基地和农村建设用地。农村土地改革政策是否实现了最初的目标,为中国农村社会经济和空间发展做出了贡献?为了回答这些问题,本文以江苏省苏州市七都镇为例,对国家和地方层面的农村土地改革政策的有效性进行了三步分析。它首先审查了澄清其经济、社会和空间目标的政策。然后运用经济、社会、土地利用数据和定量分析方法,对七都镇1998年以来这些政策的经济、社会和空间绩效进行定量分析。最后,将政策目标与定量分析结果进行比较,评估政策的有效性。研究认为,无论在国家层面还是地方层面,土地改革政策的有效性在不同时期、不同措施之间、彼此之间存在差异。造成这种变异的原因主要在于受影响村庄和村民的态度。本研究以中国基层行政单位——乡镇为研究对象,将空间绩效纳入政策效力,旨在建立客观、准确评估农村土地改革政策效力的方法。
Abstract: Since the reform and opening-up of China, the nation’s rural development has been accompanied by a series of land reform policies, largely concerning agricultural land, homestead land and rural construction land. Have rural land reform policies achieved their original objectives and contributed to the socio-economic and spatial development of rural China? To answer these questions, this paper examines the case of Qidu Town of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province and conducts a three-step analysis of the effectiveness of both national- and local-level rural land reform policies. It first reviews the policies to clarify their economic, social and spatial objectives. It then quantitatively analyses the economic, social and spatial performance of these policies in Qidu Town since 1998; this analysis is performed with economic, social and land-use data and quantitative-analysis methods. Finally, it assesses the policies’ effectiveness by comparing their objectives with the results of the quantitative analyses. It concludes that at both the national and local levels, the effectiveness of land reform policies has varied across different periods, across different measures, and between one another. The reason for this variation rests predominantly on the attitudes of the affected villages and villagers. By taking the town, China’s basic administrative unit, as the research object and bringing spatial performance into policy effectiveness, this research seeks to develop a methodology for objective and accurate assessments of the effectiveness of rural land reform policies.
Key: Rural land reform, land policy effectiveness, collective-owned land, Southern Jiangsu, China
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