关键词：地理可视化，婴儿健康，婴儿死亡率，空间分析，空间自相关
摘 要：健康研究对于评价保健服务和改善贫穷状况以及确定各国的发展水平都很重要。本研究的目的是展示土耳其2011年至2016年婴儿死亡率的空间格局,婴儿死亡率被认为是健康状况的指标。首先利用婴儿死亡率、标准化死亡率和经Bayes平滑器校正的婴儿死亡率来研究全局自相关的存在性。对婴儿死亡率进行局部空间自相关分析,确定具有统计学意义的热点或簇。确定2011—2016年的空间分布并不重合,数据中观察到聚集趋势和空间依赖性。根据当地空间统计,土耳其安纳托利亚东南部和安纳托利亚东部地区婴儿死亡率存在空间差异。此外,还考虑了与婴儿死亡率相关的因素。研究发现,妇女的结婚年龄、女性中等教育净受教育率、助产士人数和国内生产总值与婴儿死亡率有关。必须确定本研究中发现的婴儿死亡率高的省份的不同相关因素,并了解今后可采取哪些措施预防婴儿死亡率。在东南亚的安纳托利亚和东部的安纳托利亚地区,需要制定和实施具有降低婴儿死亡率范围的政策。
Abstract: Health studies are important for the evaluation of health services and the improvement of poor conditions as well as for the determination of the development levels of countries. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the spatial patterns of infant mortality, which is considered an indicator of health conditions, in Turkey between 2011 and 2016. The existence of global autocorrelation was first studied using the infant mortality rate, the standardised mortality ratio, and the infant mortality rate which was corrected by Bayes smoothers. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed to determine statistically significant hot spots or clusters in infant mortality. It was determined that the spatial distribution between 2011 and 2016 was not coincidental, and aggregation tendency and spatial dependence were observed in the data. According to local spatial statistics, spatial differences of South-eastern Anatolia and Eastern Anatolia regions appeared in Turkey in terms of infant mortality. Furthermore, the factors related to the infant mortality rate were considered. It was found that the age of marriage for women, the net schooling rates of females in secondary education, the number of midwives, and the gross domestic product (GDP) were related to infant mortality rates. It is important to determine different associated factors in the provinces with high infant mortality rates found in this study and to develop an understanding of what can be done to prevent infant mortality in the future. In the South-eastern Anatolia and Eastern Anatolia regions, it is necessary to produce and implement policies with the scope of reducing the infant mortality rate.
Key: Geovisualisation, Infant Health, Infant Mortality, Spatial Analysis, Spatial Autocorrelation
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