关键词：城市形态，可持续交通，互动效应，城市可持续性
摘 要：现有文献对城市形态与可持续交通的关系进行了广泛的探讨,普遍认为高密度、混合用地和高可达性的城市形态可以缩短出行距离,鼓励人们选择替代的非汽车出行方式,进而降低燃料消耗和相关的温室气体排放。然而,关于城市形态与可持续交通的广泛研究仅发现了单个城市形态变量(如城市密度、土地利用结构或道路连通性)与单一或多种可持续交通结果(如出行方式或车辆里程出行)之间的显著相关性,而对于城市形态属性之间可能存在的交互效应的实证研究却十分有限。本文在考察城市形态属性对可持续交通的影响时,提出城市形态属性之间存在交互效应的假设。以美国佛罗里达州所有城市为例,利用实证数据检验城市形态与可持续交通关系中的交互效应。回归结果验证了我们的假设,即密度与其他城市形态变量表现出“从负到正”的协同效应,表明城市形态变量与可持续交通结果之间的某些理论关联是有条件的,取决于城市形态属性之间或城市形态属性之间的相互作用。研究结果可拓展土地利用和交通专题的理论框架,对规划支持系统具有相当大的政策影响。
Abstract: The relationship between urban form and sustainable transportation has been extensively explored in the existing literature, and it is generally accepted that an urban form characterized by higher density, mixed land use pattern and higher accessibility could shorten travel distance and encourage people to choose alternative non-auto travel modes, which in turn reduces the fuel consumption and associated GHG emissions. However, the extensive research on urban form and sustainable transportation has only identified significant correlations between individual urban form variables, such as urban density, land use mix or road connectivity and the one or multiple sustainable transportation outcomes, such as travel mode or vehicle miles travelled (VMT), but very limited empirical studies have been identified to examine the interaction effects that may exist between the urban form attributes. This paper proposes the hypothesis that interaction effects exist between urban form attributes when examining their influences on sustainable transportation. Taking all cities in Florida, U.S. as a case, the interaction effects in the relationship between urban form and sustainable transportation are tested with empirical data. The regression results verified our hypothesis that density shows “threshold negative-to-positive” synergy with other urban form variables, indicating that certain theoretical correlations between urban form variables and sustainable transportation outcomes are conditional depending on the interactions between or among urban form attributes. The results may expand the theoretical framework on the topic of land use and transportation and has considerable policy implications for planning support systems.
Key: Urban Form, Sustainable Transportation, Interaction Effect, Urban Sustainability
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