关键词:生态村,政府支持,生态村评估,可持续性,农村发展
摘 要:在过去的30年里,中国在城市发展方面取得了长足的进步,中国政府将生态村建设作为解决贫困、农村空心化、自然环境恶化、撂荒等日益严重的农村问题的更有效途径之一。然而,尽管有各种促进政策和大量财政投资,但很少有研究评估政府支持对生态村发展的影响。本文采用定性研究和定量分析相结合的方法,比较了资助(特别是资金和政策)对其发展的影响。文章对三个案例进行了比较,一个在中国,两个在其他地方。为了提供一个共同的比较基础,对三种基于量化的评估进行了检查,以期在本研究中应用它们。其中包括中国的“美丽乡村建设评价”(ECBV),以及国际上著名的BREEAM Community和LEED-ND。通过对三种方法的分析,揭示了中国政府支持生态村发展的优势和不足,以及基于量化的评估方法的局限性。议改善政府支持的性质和ECBV的使用。这些研究成果可为我国社会经济转型关键时期农村发展政策的制定提供参考,也可为其他发展水平相近的发展中国家的量化评估方法提供借鉴。
Abstract:Having achieved substantial progress in urban development over the past three decades, the Chinese government has turned to ecovillage development as one of the more effective ways to solve increasingly serious rural issues, such as poverty, rural hollowing, a deteriorating natural environment, and farmland abandonment. However, in spite of various promotional policies and substantial financial investment, there are very few studies assessing the impact of governmental support on ecovillage development. This paper presents a study applying both qualitative research and quantitative analysis to compare the effects of the support, especially in funding and policies, on their development. A comparison was made of three cases, one in China and two elsewhere. To provide a common basis for comparison, three quantification based assessments were examined with a view to applying them in this study. These were the Evaluation for Construction of Beautiful Village (ECBV) from China, and the BREEAM Community and LEED-ND, two well-established international examples. The following analyses using the three methods reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the Chinese government support in ecovillage development, and limitations of the quantification-based assessment methods. Proposals are made for improving the nature of government support and the use of the ECBV. These research outcomes can help formulate the rural development policies in the critical time of socio-economic transition in China, and the research process could be a reference to review quantification based assessment methods in other developing countries with similar levels of development.
Key:Ecovillage, Government support, Ecovillage assessment, Sustainability, Rural Development
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