关键词：发展中国家、免下车取餐通道、车辆排放、燃油消耗
摘 要：快餐直通车道是我们快节奏生活中的一个共同现象，这里的便利性和服务非常重要。这种便利是以高昂的环境代价实现的：排长队的怠速车辆消耗大量燃料，并产生与全球变暖和健康问题有关的排放。免下车取餐也为加盟商带来了可观的收入，并减少了快餐店的停车需求。快餐和免下车取餐在发展中国家变得越来越普遍，而这些国家正面临着日益严重的交通拥堵，这是由对私人交通的需求驱动的。本研究根据发展中世界的流动性范式考虑了自驾车出行的可持续性方面，以车辆为中心的城市形态和快速发展导致了流动性危机。“免下车”是资本主义以车辆为中心的城市形式的一个主要例子。本文旨在作为讨论发展中国家“免下车取餐通道”恰当性的起点。在本次初步调查中，只考虑了免下车取餐通道运营的两个方面：使用直通车的成本（燃油成本和环境成本，近似于排放负荷），以及通过消除停车实现的空间节约效益。本研究发现，免停车取餐通道通过减少停车，节省了大量的土地面积，刺激了更高的利润，即使本文量化了它对环境的重大影响，通道也不太可能被淘汰。因此，提出了改进免下车服取餐通道运营的建议，以减少免下车服务排队时间过长，并呼吁更可持续的土地利用规划。
Abstract:Fast-food drive-throughs are a common feature in our fast-paced lives where convenience and service access are highly prized. This convenience comes at a high environmental price: long queues of idling vehicles guzzle fuel and generate emissions linked to global warming and health concerns. Drive throughs also generate significant income for franchisees and reduce parking requirements at fast-food outlets. Fast-food and drive-throughs are becoming more prevalent in the developing world at a time when these countries are facing rapidly increasing traffic congestion, driven by a desire for private transport use. This study considers aspects of sustainability of drive-throughs according to the mobility paradigm in the developing world, where vehicle centric urban form and rapid development are contributing to a mobility crisis. The drive-through is a prime example of capitalist vehicle-centric urban form. This paper is intended as a starting point for discussion on drive-through appropriateness in developing countries. Only two aspects of drive-through operations are considered in this initial investigation: the cost of using a drive through (fuel cost and environmental cost, approximated by the emissions load), and the space saving benefit realized by eliminating parking. This research found that drive-throughs save substantial land area by reducing parking and stimulate higher profits, making it unlikely that drive-throughs will be phased out, even with the significant environmental impact of drive throughs quantified in this paper. Recommendations for improved operations of drive-throughs are therefore suggested to mitigate long idling times in drive-through queues, and a call for more sustainable land-use planning is proposed.
Key:Developing Country, Drive-through, Vehicle Emissions, Fuel Consumption
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