关键词：恐慌性购买，购物行为，特殊情况，问卷调查
摘 要：新冠病毒大流行现在是一场全球危机，对大流行的恐惧和对社会不稳定状况（如封城或谣言）导致许多国家出现了恐慌性购买。为了防止未来出现类似的情况，我们迫切地需要了解恐慌新购买期间发生了什么，以便为政策制定者提供有用的意见。本研究旨在探讨日本城市在2020年初恐慌性购买卫生纸的个人购买行为。我们重点研究了具有不同城市特征和疫情进展情况的三个城市。通过网络问卷调查，主要从1）购物行为的时空集中度和2）顾客购物时的不便性两个方面进行分析。主要结论如下。感到情况特别严重的人倾向于去购物，他们冲向了同一家商店从而造成了空间集中。虽然也存在区域差异，但从根据城市特征和疫情进展情况来看，大多数消费者恐慌新购买时的选择似乎是他们正常购买行为的延伸。然而，由于他们在商店里没有买到足够的厕纸，或者被其他消费者惹恼，他们的时空集中给很多人带来了不便。结果表明，在当前区域空间条件下，通过引导人们的行为，控制需求，是防止顾客注意力集中减少不便的重要措施。
Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic is now a global crisis, and fear of the pandemic or anxieties about unstable social condition (e.g., urban lockdown or rumors spreading) caused panic buying in many countries. To prevent future cases, it is of urgent need to understand what happens during panic buying to provide useful insight for policy makers. This study aims to examine the individual purchasing behaviors in the panic buying of toilet paper in Japanese cities in early 2020. We focused on the three cities that have different urban characteristics and pandemic progress conditions. Using online questionnaires, two main aspects were analyzed: 1) the spatio-temporal concentration of shopping behaviors and 2) customers’ inconvenience while shopping. The major results are as follows. Information spreading immediately caused consumers’ temporal concentration. Especially, people who felt the situation was serious tended to shop, and rushing to the same stores caused the spatial concentration. Although regional disparities were also seen, according to their urban characteristics and pandemic progress condition, most customers' store choices during panic buying seem to be an extension of their normal purchasing behaviors. However, their spatio-temporal concentration inconvenienced many people since they failed to obtain enough toilet paper in the stores or felt irritated by other consumers. Our results suggest the importance of preventing customers’ concentration to reduce inconvenience and suggest countermeasures by controlling demand in the current condition of regional space by guiding people’s behavior.
Key: Panic Buying, Purchasing Behavior, Extraordinary Situation, Questionnaire Survey
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