关键词：医疗综合体、医疗效率、基础测度模型（SBM）、城市环境、空间误差模型（SEM）
摘 要：目前，日本正面临着社会老龄化带来的医疗需求增加的问题。共计和需求的不平衡使得医疗服务的效率显得尤为重要。在这种背景下，近年来出现了一种新的医疗设施——医疗综合体。与独立的诊所不同，医疗综合体是集中了多种医疗功能，为患者提供多种学科治疗的一体化设施。为了验证这种新型设施的有效性，探索其与城市环境的关系，本文首先对福冈市的医疗综合体进行了识别，研究了他们的特性，然后利用SBM模型计算了75个医疗综合体门诊的医疗效率，并将其与独立门诊的医疗效率进行比较。最后，研究分析了医疗综合体效率的空间分布以及与周边城市环境的空间回归。研究结果表明，医疗综合体是一种更高效的医疗设施，青年和劳动年龄人口密度、主要道路数量、总建筑面积、商住比以及其他医疗设施的数量都对医疗效率有显著的影响。本研究提出了一种评价医疗资源利用有效性的方法。通过对医疗效率的评价和对城市环境影响效率的分析，为医疗综合体的选址和城市医疗设施的合理布局提供数据支持。
Abstract:At present, Japan is facing the problem of increasing medical demands caused by an aging society. The imbalance between supply and demand makes the efficiency of medical services particularly important. In this context, a new medical facility, medical malls, has emerged in recent years. Different from independent clinics, the medical mall is a facility that integrates multiple medical functions and provides multi-disciplinary treatments for patients. In order to verify the effectiveness of this new medical facility and explore its relationship with the urban environment, this paper first identifies the medical malls in Fukuoka City and studies their characteristics, then the SBM model was used to calculate the medical efficiency of the clinics in the 75 medical malls, compared with the independent clinics. Finally, the research analysed the spatial distribution of the medical mall efficiency and the spatial regression with the surrounding urban environment. The results show that the medical mall is a more efficient facility, and population density of the young and the working-aged, the number of main roads, total construction area, the proportion of residence and commerce, and the number of the other medical facilities have significant impacts on the medical efficiency. This research proposes a method to evaluate the effectiveness of utilization of medical resources. Through the evaluation of medical efficiency and the analysis of the urban environment affecting efficiency, this paper provides data support for the site selection of medical malls and the rational layout of urban medical facilities.
Key: Medical mall, Medical efficiency, Slack-based measure (SBM) model, Urban environment, Spatial error model (SEM)
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