关键词：智慧城市、障碍、德尔菲分析、焦点小组、两轮调查
摘 要：利益相关者之间缺乏合作和部门之间的协调，缺乏系统互操作性，以及决策者对改变的抵制，这些都是使智慧城市的实施成为一项复杂任务的挑战。然而，这些文献缺乏对智慧城市障碍的更广泛理解，以便决策者能够设计和执行他们的战略。因此，本文旨在根据专家的知识和经验，找出对智慧城市实施成功造成重大影响的（关键性）障碍，以及决策者可以控制的障碍。为了更好地进行规划，还对时间方面进行了可以克服的研究。此外，根据从文献中收集的114个障碍的初步列表的主题分析，将50个障碍汇总并组织在八个不同的领域。九位专家参与了德尔菲分析，该分析表明，尽管智能城市通常与技术和金融约束有关，但15个最关键的障碍主要来自治理、项目和组织领域。该方法采用定量和定性方法，将两轮调查与焦点小组相结合。
Abstract:The lack of cooperation between stakeholders and coordination of departments, the absence of systems interoperability, and the resistance to change by policymakers represent some of the challenges that make the implementation of the Smart City a complicated task. Nevertheless, the literature is lacking a broader comprehension of the Smart City barriers to enable policymakers to design and execute their strategies. Therefore, this paper aims to find the (critical) barriers that have been associated with having a significant influence on the success of a Smart City’s implementation and that are within the control of policymakers, based on the empirical knowledge and experience of experts. A study of the temporal aspect in which they can be overcome is also performed to allow better planning. Moreover, 50 barriers were aggregated and organized in eight distinct areas from a thematic analysis of an initial list of 114 barriers collected from the literature. Nine experts participated in the Delphi Analysis, which demonstrated that although Smart Cities are usually associated with technological and financial constraints, the 15 most critical barriers are mainly from the areas of Governance, Project, and Organization. The method combined a two-round survey with a focus group, using quantitative and qualitative approaches.
Key: Smart city, Barriers, Delphi analysis, Focus group, Two-round survey
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