关键词：宜居性，宜居城市，主成分分析（PCA），生活质量（QoL）
摘 要：由于快速和不受控制的城市化和高度集权，达卡在居民的日常生活中经历了极端的城市环境和社会问题。这项研究的目的是了解达卡市居民的感受，并从市民的感受中确定生活质量。使用Likert量表方法对224名受访者的个人回答进行了定性评估。在8个影响城市环境宜居行的变量和维度下进行研究：环境质量、社会生活质量、健康和教育质量、经济满意度、交通和流动质量、娱乐质量、公共服务质量、治理质量。达卡市的生活质量（QoL）主观评价几乎是相同的，受访者将几乎所有的服务评为差或极差；尤其是在环境、公用事业服务、交通和政府服务相关问题中，几乎所有维度都存在负面反馈和判断。在使用主成分分析（PCA）进行分析时，变量之间的相关性较高，这意味着最大比例的受访者对这些变量有类似的反应。这些结果表明，尽管达卡为居民提供了所有现代化的便利设施，但它还远不是一个宜居城市。
Abstract:Owing to rapid and uncontrolled urbanization and intense centralization, Dhaka has been experiencing extreme urban environmental and social problems in residents’ everyday lives. The purpose of the study is to understand the perception of the residents of Dhaka city and determine the quality of life from the perception of its citizens. Individual responses from 224 respondents have been evaluated qualitatively using the Likert scale method. The variables or as called dimensions influencing the livability of urban environment are studied under 8 domains- environment quality, social life quality, quality of health and education economic satisfaction, quality of transport and mobility, recreational quality, quality of utility services, governance quality. The subjective evaluation of QoL (Quality of Life) in Dhaka city has come out almost homogenous, respondents graded almost all the services to be Poor to Very Poor; especially negative feedback and judgments for almost all dimensions were observed among environment, utility service, transportation and government service relates issues. While analyzing using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the variables had a higher correlation among themselves meaning maximum proportion of respondents had similar responses regarding these. These results indicate that Dhaka is far away from being a livable city where the quality of life is concerned despite having all modern amenities for the residents.
Key: Livability, Livable city, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Quality of Life (QoL)
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