关键词：城市蓝绿空间（UBGS），城市开放区域，蓝绿指数，城市绿地，蓝绿基础设施
摘 要：城市蓝绿空间（UBGS）包括水体和绿色空间，由于其巨大的生态、社会、经济和健康效益，是城市环境的固有组成部分。由于人口密度高，新兴经济体国家的特大城市正在失去自然区域，这对城市环境产生不利影响。本文研究了目前建筑开放空间的动态，并提出了一个概念框架，用于对印度大城市加尔各答最小的行政单元(wards)的城市蓝绿空间进行定量评估。果表明，可用的城市蓝绿空间占总面积的11.51%，每个居民5.08平方米，这两个数字都远远低于国家和国际城市规划指南。分别基于空间物理分布和人均可用性对wards进行了城市蓝绿空间分布指数和城市蓝绿空间可用性指数的评价，并与印度城市规划标准进行了比较。根据国家标准，这些指数代表了每个行政区在最低要求方面城市蓝绿空间的实际不足。目前城市中城市蓝绿空间的不平等分布是一个需要解决的社会和环境公平性问题。相关指数为0.6688。这个框架可以帮助决策者通过采用自下而上的方法来解决当地问题，并为社会各阶层提供安全和具有社会包容性的公共空间，从而保护、保存和促进城市的蓝绿空间。
Abstract:Urban-blue-and-green-spaces (UBGS) comprising waterbodies and green spaces are intrinsic to the urban environment due to their immense ecological, social, economic, and health benefits. Owing to high population densities, megacities in countries with emerging economies are losing their natural areas, adversely affecting the urban environment. This article studies the current built-open space dynamics and proposes a conceptual framework for the quantitative assessment of UBGS in the Indian megacity of Kolkata at the smallest administrative unit called wards. Results show that the available UBGS is 11.51% of the total area and 5.08 sq.m per inhabitant, both of which are far below the national and international urban planning guidelines. The wards are appraised for two indices, UBGS Distribution Index and UBGS Availability Index, based on spatio-physical distribution and per inhabitant availability, respectively, comparing them with the Indian urban planning standards. The indices represent the actual shortfall of UBGS in each ward in terms of minimum requirements as per national standards. The present unequal distribution of UBGS in the city is a matter of social and environmental justice that needs to be addressed. The indices show a correlation of 0.6688. This framework can help decision-makers protect, preserve, and promote the city's UBGS by adopting a bottom-up approach to solve local issues and providing safe and socially inclusive public spaces for all sections of society.
Key: UBGS, urban open areas, blue-green index, urban green spaces, blue-green infrastructure
全文: DOI