关键词：城市遗产保护，法律框架，管理结构，胡志明市，横滨市
摘 要：本研究通过与日本横滨市(YC)的比较，提出了改善越南胡志明市(HCMC)中心地区城市遗产保护的措施。基于过去关于城市遗产管理发展阶段的文献，本文对遗产保护成功的两个关键方面——法律框架和管理结构进行了研究。比较了两市在这两方面存在的普遍弊端，以及在遗产保护的前期推进中所采取的对策。除了政策分析，还对官员和专家进行了深入访谈，以收集2013年至2015年的数据。结果显示，虽然两个城市在文物保护的第一阶段都面临立法的需要，但横滨市可以系统地进入第二阶段，加快立法进程，并建立城市设计部门和外部专家团队。在第二阶段，两个城市都缺乏强有力的激励和执行，但横滨市通过补充执行措施，持续的谈判和协调活动，积极运用激励措施。胡志明市的解决方案侧重于提出额外的激励和制裁措施，使其规划和建筑部的官员能够有效地与业主和投资者进行谈判，并制定一个法律框架，同时开展试点项目，为合法化提供信息。还建议在政府内部建立一个城市保护团队，与专门保护组织合作，以改善城市管理结构。
Abstract:This study proposes measures to improve urban heritage conservation in the central area of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, by comparing it with Yokohama City (YC), Japan. Based on the past literature on the development stages of urban heritage management, two aspects critical for successful heritage conservation—legal framework and management structure—were examined. The common drawbacks associated with these two aspects and the countermeasures taken for advancement in the early stages of heritage conservation in the two cities were compared. In addition to policy analysis, in-depth interviews with officials and experts were conducted to collect data between 2013 and 2015. The results show that while both cities faced the need for legalisation in the first stage of their heritage conservation, YC could systematically move to the second stage to accelerate its legislative process and establish an urban design division and an external expert team. In the second stage, both cities lacked powerful incentives and enforcement, but YC has supplemented its enforcement measures, persistent negotiation and coordination activities to actively apply its incentives. The solutions for HCMC focus on proposing additional incentives and sanctions to enable its Department of Planning and Architecture officials to effectively negotiate with owners and investors and develop a legal framework while conducting pilot projects to inform legalisation. An urban conservation team within the government to collaborate with organisations specialised in conservation is also proposed to improve the city’s management structure.
Key: Urban Heritage Conservation, Legal Framework, Management Structure, Ho Chi Minh City, Yokohama
全文: DOI