关键词：新城，国家城市政策，城市规划，空间规划，城市可持续发展
摘 要：新城运动是二战后重建的重要组成部分，并逐渐被世界各国所采用。新市镇作为城市发展实践者最重要的领域之一，在引起人们的高度热情的同时，也受到了大量的批评。随着人们对新城概念的重新兴趣，特别是在亚洲和非洲，新一轮的研究已经对这些举措进行了评估。随着城市化程度的提高和城市生活质量的降低，许多发展中国家都出台了这一政策，以缓解大都市的拥堵，刺激经济增长。因此，新城开发最近吸引了新兴经济体的城市规划者、开发商和政治家，并成为城市研究的一个关键研究领域。通过主导国家政策应对伊朗的住房需求和计划外定居点，1979年革命后，第一代新市镇回归。自那时以来，已经开发了17个新市镇，这些新市镇面临各种挑战，如对大都市的强烈依赖，以及缺乏必要的基础设施和设施。因此，作为一个新问题而非解决方案，伊朗新城发展受到了不同方面的批评，本文对此进行了系统分析。对伊朗第一代新城的分析和对第二代新城的概念化表明，对这一政策进行审查和实质性改变是不可避免的必要。由此，制定并提出了发展伊朗第一代和规划第二代新城的关键建议。
Abstract:The new town movement is an integral part of post-World War II reconstruction that has gradually been adopted worldwide. As one of the most significant fields of urban development practitioners, new towns generated both high enthusiasm and considerable criticism as consequences fell short of ideals over time. Along with the renewed interest in the new town concept, particularly in Asia and Africa, a new round of research has evaluated such initiatives. With increasing urbanisation and diminishing quality of urban life, many developing countries have introduced this policy for decongesting metropolises and stimulating economic growth. Accordingly, new town development has recently attracted urban planners, developers and politicians in emerging economies and appeared as a critical research area in urban studies. Through leading national policies to cope with housing needs and unplanned settlements in Iran, the first generation of new towns returned after the revolution in 1979. Since then, 17 new towns have been developed, which face various challenges, such as a strong dependency on metropolises and a lack of required infrastructure and facilities. Hence, as a new problem instead of a solution, Iranian new town development has been criticised from different aspects, which are systematically analysed in this paper. Analysing the first generation of new towns in Iran and conceptualising the second ones indicate an inevitable necessity for a review and substantial change regarding this policy. Therefore, key recommendations have been formulated and proposed for evolving the first and planning the second generation of new towns in Iran.
Key: New Town, National Urban Policy, Urban Planning, Spatial Planning, Sustainable Urban Development
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