关键词：公园可达性，老年人，休闲体育活动，步行，冬天，寒冷地区
摘 要：在公共卫生和人口老龄化的情况下，研究公园可达性对寒冷地区老年人(60岁及以上)闲暇时间体育活动水平的影响具有重要意义。中国哈尔滨的公园经常有老年人光顾。此外，活动水平不足也会影响健康。这项研究主要分析了六个公园的可达性，并量化了老年人在冬季的活动概况。我们通过对老年人活动水平的实地调查获得了数据，使用ARCGIS空间分析工具和网络分析分析了公园的可达性，并利用皮尔逊相关系数研究了可达性与老年人体育休闲活动水平之间的关系。结果表明：1）全区公园分布不均衡，步行可达性较差；2） 冬季，中高级休闲时间体育活动的比例为91.3%，步行出行率为80.65%。步行是老年人的主要出行方式；3） 步行5分钟促进了高水平休闲时间体育活动的发生（相关系数0.244*）。机动车（公共汽车）与高层活动之间没有显著关系。步行对老年人闲暇时间的体育活动水平有影响。改善步行可达性可以提高老年人在冬季的休闲时间活动水平。根据研究结果，我们提出了改善步行可达性的措施，以提高老年人的休闲时间活动水平。
Abstract:Given the situation of public health and population aging, studying the impact of park accessibility on the level of leisure-time physical activity of older adults (60 years and older) in cold regions is of great significance. Public parks in Harbin, China are often frequented by older adults. Furthermore, insufficient activity levels have an impact on health. This study mainly analyzed the accessibility of six parks and quantified the activity profile of older adults in winter. We obtained data through a field investigation on the activity levels of older adults, analyzed the accessibility of parks using the ARCGIS spatial analysis tool and network analysis, and studied the relationship between accessibility and levels of physical leisure activities of older adults with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results indicated that: 1) The distribution of parks across the region was unbalanced, and overall accessibility via walking was poor; 2) In winter, the proportion of medium- and high-level leisure-time physical activities was 91.3%, and the walking travel rate was 80.65%. Walking was the main travel mode of older adults; 3) Five minutes of walking promoted the occurrence of high-level leisure-time physical activity (with a correlation coefficient 0.244 *). There was no significant relationship between motor vehicles (buses) and high-level activity. Walking had an effect on the level of leisure-time physical activity of older adults. Improving walking accessibility could improve the leisure-time activity levels of older adults in winter. According to the research results, we propose measures to improve walking accessibility to increase leisure-time activity levels in older adults.
Key: Park accessibility, Older adults, Leisure-time physical activity, Walking, Winter, Cold regions
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