关键词：步行得分、邻里步行能力、GIS、安全性、熊本
摘 要：随着城市扩张和交通拥堵的加剧，越来越多的城市致力于建设紧凑、适宜步行的城市。设施的可达性和步行环境的安全性被认为是说服人们步行的两个最重要的条件。步行评分是一种有效的步行性测量工具，且已被许多研究证实。然而，目前还没有研究探讨步行分数与行人交通安全之间的关系。本研究旨在估算熊本市每个住宅地址的步行分数，并利用行人交通事故和犯罪数据探讨步行分数与社区环境安全之间的关系。基于GIS中的城市网络分析，通过关注设施的多样性，用Python拟合高斯分布得到距离衰减函数，计算熊本市所有215309个住宅地址的步行分数。随后，进行皮尔逊相关两两确定步行评分与社区环境安全之间的关系。结果显示，熊本市已达到一定的步行性水平，平均得分为63.16分。然而，步行得分较高的地方发生行人交通事故和犯罪的可能性也可能增加，相关系数分别达到0.613和0.588。相关性表明，使用步行评分来衡量步行能力有一定的局限性，并警告我们，在提高设施可及性的同时，提高步行环境的安全性至关重要。
Abstract:With the increase in urban sprawl and traffic congestion, an increasing number of cities have committed to building compact, walkable cities. Accessibility of facilities and safety of the walking environment is regarded as the two most important conditions for convincing people to walk. The Walk Score is an effective walkability measurement tool confirmed in many studies. However, no study has explored the relationship between the Walk Score and pedestrian traffic safety. This research aims to estimate the Walk Score of each residential address in Kumamoto City and explore the relationship between Walk Score and the safety of the neighborhood environment with data on pedestrian traffic accidents and crime. Based on urban network analysis in GIS, by focusing on the diversity of facilities and fitting Gaussian distribution in Python to obtain the distance decay function, the Walk Score of all 215,309 residential addresses in Kumamoto city were calculated. Subsequently, pairwise Pearson correlations were conducted to determine the association between the Walk Score and neighborhood environment safety. The results showed that Kumamoto City had reached a certain level of walkability, with an average score of 63.16. However, the possibility of pedestrian traffic accidents and crime in places with higher Walk Scores may also increase, with the correlation coefficients reaching 0.613 and 0.588, respectively. The correlations revealed that the use of the Walk Score to measure walkability has some limitations and warns us that it is crucial to improve the safety of walkable environments while increasing the accessibility of facilities.
Key: Walk Score, Neighborhood Walkability, GIS, Safety, Kumamoto
全文: DOI