关键词：城市化，城市形态，空间格局，分形理论，建设用地
摘 要：随着沈阳市城市化进程的快速推进，城市建设用地大幅扩张，使得城市形态特征发生快速变化。为了引导城市向更加合理、健康、有序的方向发展，本文对沈阳市城市形态演变进行了分析。选取2001年、2006年和2014年三个不同时期的卫星遥感影像。借助遥感人工解译方法，提取了该城市三年的建设用地数据。根据分形理论，分析了城市发展形态的规律，总结了城市形态演变的特征。结果表明: (1)2001—2014年，我国城市建成区面积增加了3.7倍，年均增长21%。扩展方向为西南、东北方向。主要原因在于渝洪区西南侧和深北新区的开发建设。(2)通过扩张强度指数、紧凑度指数、边界维数指数和形状指数等定量指标分析发现，沈阳市城市扩张具有阶段性特征，2006—2014年扩张速度显著低于2001—2006年。这一现象表明城市内部结构趋于稳定，并开始注重集约化发展。(3)沈阳逐步形成了以多中心协调统一发展为核心的“一轴一带”城市空间格局。
Abstract:With the rapid improvement of the urbanization process in Shenyang, the urban construction land expands greatly, which makes the urban morphological characteristics change rapidly. In order to guide the city to develop in a more reasonable, healthy, and orderly direction, this article analyses the evolution of urban morphology in Shenyang. By selecting three different periods of satellite remote sensing images in 2001, 2006 and 2014. With the help of Remote Sensing manual interpretation method, the construction land data of the three years in the city are extracted. According to the fractal theory, the laws of urban development morphology are analysed, and the characteristics of urban morphological evolution are summarized. Results show that: 1) the area of urban built-up areas increased by 3.7 times from 2001 to 2014, with an average annual growth rate of 21%. The expansion direction is southwest and northeast. The main reason lies in the development and construction of the southwest side of the Yuhong District and the Shenbei New District.; 2) By analysing the quantitative indexes such as expansion intensity index, compactness index, boundary dimension index and shape index, it is found that the urban expansion of Shenyang is characterized by stages, and the expansion speed in 2006-2014 is significantly lower than that in 2001-2006. This phenomenon indicates that the internal structure of the city has stabilized and it has begun to focus on intensive development; 3) Shenyang has gradually formed a "one-axis, one-belt" urban spatial pattern, focusing on the coordinated and unified development of multiple centres.
Key: Urbanization, Urban Form, Spatial Pattern, Fractal Theory, Construction Land
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