关键词：自然感知度、景观感知、景观生态学、生态系统服务、心理学、城市公园
摘 要：虽然在新冠肺炎期间，城市设施的活动有所减少，但对参观开放空间和公园的需求有所增加。首尔的城市公园游客也有所增加。人们已经意识到，在日常生活中，大自然是安全、健康和休闲的重要空间。这一研究表明，人们有意访问城市公园作为城市地区的自然空间。因此，选择城市公园环境质量的评价标准——自然性作为城市公园环境质量的评价指标之一。本研究以首尔市的6个公园为研究对象，发现使用者对城市公园自然性的感知存在差异。Q方法是一种有用的工具，可以识别个人对自然的看法之间的差异。通过Q分析，六组人对自然性的感知和评价存在差异。研究发现，差异是由他们过去的经历、个人偏好和心理状况造成的。第一类人可以被称为喜欢各种景观的动态类型，第二类人是喜欢在宁静的林地中冥想的群体。第三种人希望观察动物，并认为生态系统很重要，第四种人喜欢敏感地感受季节的变化。第五组通过建筑与城市自然环境的对比来认识自然。最后一类人是那些追求保护古树或现有自然环境本身的人。一般来说，对感知自然性的评价是主观的和个人的。对自然的感知影响着景观偏好和对城市公园的态度。因此，用户感知到的自然性应该是最大化公园服务的关键考虑因素，让用户欣赏到各种品味。
Abstract:Though the activities in urban facilities have declined during the COVID-19, the demand for visiting open spaces and parks has increased. Visitors to city parks also increased in Seoul. People have realized that nature is an important space for safety, health, and leisure in their everyday life. This study implied that people intended to visit city parks as a natural space in the urban area. So, an assessment criterion of the quality of environments of city parks, naturalness is selected as one of the indicators. This study chose six parks as a study subject in Seoul and found differences for users in the perception of naturalness in city parks. Q methodology is a useful tool to identify differences between individual's perceptions of nature. Through the Q analysis, six groups have differences in the perception and the valuation of naturalness. The study found that differences have resulted from their past experiences, personal preferences, and psychological status. The first group can be named a dynamic type who enjoys various landscapes, and the second is the group of people who love to meditate in serene woodlands. The third group wants to observe the animals and consider the ecosystem as important, and the fourth group is those who love to feel the changing seasons with sensitivity. The fifth group recognizes nature through the contrast between the building and the natural environment in the city. The last group is those who pursue conservation for old trees or the existing nature environment itself. As a general, appraisal of perceived naturalness is subjective and individual. The perception of naturalness influences landscape preferences and attitudes to city parks. Therefore, the naturalness perceived by users should be a crucial consideration to maximize park services so that users can appreciate various tastes.
Key: Perceived naturalness, Landscape perception, Landscape ecology, Ecosystem service, Psychology, Urban parks
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