关键词：紧凑型城市，车站范围，TOD，低密度，人口下降
摘 要：在过去十年里，关于向紧凑型城市转变的讨论很多。以交通为导向的发展(TOD)已被许多国家引入，以促进紧凑型城市的发展。然而，低密度分布的空间格局具有异质性和随机性。它阻碍了建设以人为本、可持续发展的城市，使其难以吸引到创建紧凑型城市核心所需的投资。在人口减少的时期，这种现象是一个严重的问题。因此，本文明确火车站周边低密度区域的出现模式及其相关空间特征，以更好地理解在人口下降的社会中如何重组以交通为导向的城市结构。我们观察了日本第二大城市京都-大阪-神户都市圈内的京阪神都市圈铁路沿线的人口和家庭人口变化。我们的研究问题是“低密度人口是否存在于火车站地区?”，以及“如果是，它们是集中在某一点还是分散?”研究结果如下:1. 一些火车站在其周边地区正经历低密度增长。2. 在空间站球体上观察到13种低密度现象。3.密度较低的站点在城市间分布较分散，但比例相对较低。4. 低密度进程有三种主要途径。这些结果将有助于未来的城市规划，包括选址优化，并有助于吸引设施和区域之间的相互支持。
Abstract:There has been much discussion about the shift to compact cities in the last decade. Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been introduced in many countries to promote compact cities. However, low density occurs with heterogeneous and random spatial patterns. It impedes the creation of people-friendly, sustainable cities, making it challenging to attract the investments necessary to create a compact city’s core. This phenomenon is a serious issue during periods of population decline. Therefore, this paper clarifies the occurrence pattern of low-density districts around railway stations and their related spatial characteristics to understand better how to reorganize transit-oriented urban structures in a society with a declining population. We have observed the population demographic and household demographic change beside railway lines of the Keihanshin conurbation within the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe metropolitan region, the second-largest urban area in Japan. Our research questions are “Do low-density populations exist in railway station areas?”, and “If yes, are they concentrated at a particular point or dispersed?” The results of our research are as follows; 1. Some railway stations are experiencing low density growth in their surrounding areas. 2. Thirteen patterns of low-density appearance in the station sphere are observed. 3. Stations with low densification disperse, but at a relatively lower ratio in the inter-urban area. 4. There are three primary routes for low density progression. These results will be helpful in future urban planning, including site optimization, and can help attract facilities and mutual support between regions.
Key: Compact city, Station sphere, TOD, Low densification, Population decline
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